Fundamental analysis framework
What Are the Best Factors to Measure a Stock?
A stock should not be judged by one ratio. Start with eight universal factors, then apply the operating metrics that matter to that company's sector.
Eight factors every stock analysis needs
01
Business & Sector Quality
02
Revenue, Profit & EPS Growth
03
Cash Flow
04
Debt & Financial Health
05
Profitability & Efficiency
06
Valuation
07
Dividend Quality
08
Management & Governance
Universal factor importance
Importance is a research priority, not a promise that a five-star factor will produce a positive return.
Sector-specific scoring focus
SYS, FFC and MARI operate under different economics. Their common financial health can be compared, but the remaining analysis must use sector-relevant operating indicators.
Commercial Banks
ROE, NIM, CASA, NPL, CAR, cost-to-income, P/B
Fertilizer
Sales volume, gas supply/cost, margins, ROE, payout
Cement
Dispatches, retention price, energy cost, utilization, debt
Oil & Gas E&P
Production, reserves, lifting cost, discoveries, receivables
Oil Marketing
Volumes, market share, regulated margin, working capital
Refinery
GRM, throughput, utilization, product mix, upgrade capex
Power / IPPs
Receivables, availability, capacity payments, debt, cash cover
Technology
Revenue/export growth, recurring revenue, margins, cash conversion
Textile
Export sales, FX exposure, input/energy cost, margins, debt
Pharmaceuticals
Volume growth, pricing, gross margin, API/FX cost, product mix
Automobile
Unit sales, market share, localization, utilization, inventory
Engineering / Steel
Volumes, steel/scrap cost, utilization, margins, debt
Food & Consumer
Volume, pricing power, gross margin, market share, cash flow
Chemical
Product spreads, feedstock cost, utilization, margins, debt
Insurance
Premium growth, combined/loss ratio, solvency, investment income
REIT / Property
NAV, occupancy, rental growth, FFO/AFFO, leverage
Sugar
Sugar price, cane cost, recovery rate, ethanol income, debt
Tobacco
Volumes, pricing power, excise tax, cash flow, dividend
Transport
Volumes, freight rates, fuel cost, utilization, operating margin
Paper / Packaging
Volumes, pulp/energy cost, utilization, margins, debt
Cable & Electrical
Volumes, copper cost, demand, working capital, debt
Transparent framework
Universal Score (60%) + Sector-Specific Score (40%) = Fundamental Score
Valuation and entry price should remain a separate assessment. Missing sector data must reduce coverage, not be treated as zero.
Analyze a stock across all eight factors
Open the Premium Analyzer for a visual, period-aware breakdown.